Reference method
Source values are stored in SI units and converted for display without changing the underlying precision or material identity.
Material Density Reference
Compare broad material references and alloy-specific producer values, with source, condition, and both metric and imperial density units kept visible.
Part of Workshop Calc ↗Density changes with exact chemistry, product form, condition, porosity, and temperature. Use the mill certificate or supplier datasheet when mass is safety- or cost-critical.
7.85 g/cm³
Structural / Mild Steel
| Material | Family | g/cm³ | Condition | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Steel | 7.85 | Nominal shop reference | Open | |
| Steel | 7.85 | Nominal structural-steel value | Open | |
| Stainless steel | 7.9 | Austenitic grade-group value at 20 °C | Open | |
| Stainless steel | 7.9 | Austenitic grade-group value at 20 °C | Open | |
| Aluminum | 2.71 | Sheet reference value | Open | |
| Copper alloy | 8.91 | Nominal value converted from 0.322 lb/in³ at 68 °F | Open | |
| Copper alloy | 8.5 | Nominal value converted from 0.307 lb/in³ at 68 °F | Open | |
| Titanium | 4.51 | Typical room-temperature value | Open | |
| Titanium | 4.42 | Typical value at 22 °C | Open | |
| Nickel alloy | 8.44 | Typical producer value | Open | |
| Nickel alloy | 8.19 | Typical producer value | Open |
Primary references
- AISC Wide-Flange Measuring Worksheet (2024) — American Institute of Steel Construction nominal structural-steel density reference.
- Outokumpu Hot-Rolled Austenitic Stainless Steel EPD — Producer declaration listing 7,900 kg/m³ at 20 °C for the included 304 and 316L austenitic grade group.
- NASA MAPTIS — 6061-T6 Aluminum Sheet — NASA material record listing 2,710 kg/m³ for 6061-T6 sheet.
- Copper Development Association — C11000 Alloy — Producer-association alloy record listing 0.322 lb/in³ at 68 °F.
- Copper Development Association — C36010 Alloy — Producer-association free-cutting-brass record listing 0.307 lb/in³ at 68 °F.
- TIMET TIMETAL 50A — ASTM Grade 2 Titanium — Titanium producer datasheet listing 4.51 g/cm³ at room temperature.
- TIMET TIMETAL 6-4 — ASTM Grade 5 Titanium — Titanium producer datasheet listing 4.42 g/cm³ at 22 °C.
- Special Metals — INCONEL Alloy 625 — Alloy producer technical bulletin listing 8.44 g/cm³ and 0.305 lb/in³.
- Special Metals — INCONEL Alloy 718 — Alloy producer technical bulletin listing 8.19 g/cm³ and 0.296 lb/in³.
Estimate only:Use the supplier or certified material data for critical mass, shipping, or lifting work.
02 / Method & limits
Make the calculation checkable.
Lookup example
Choose a sourced steel density or enter the certified value from a material data sheet before estimating stock mass.
Reference limits
- Generic material names must not imply an exact alloy density.
- Temperature, composition, porosity, and product form can change density.
Sources & review
- NIST Technical Note 577 — reference material densities at 20 °C ↗
- AISC wide-flange measuring worksheet — nominal steel density and approximate geometry ↗
- Outokumpu austenitic stainless steel declaration — 304-family density ↗
- NASA technical report — 6061 aluminum density reference ↗
- Copper Development Association — C11000 alloy data ↗
- Copper Development Association — C36010 alloy data ↗
- TIMET TIMETAL 50A — Grade 2 titanium data ↗
- TIMET TIMETAL 6-4 — Ti-6Al-4V data ↗
- Special Metals — INCONEL alloy 625 data ↗
- Special Metals — INCONEL alloy 718 data ↗
- NIST SP 811 — Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI) ↗
Last reviewed: 2026-07-19