Reference method
Source values are stored in SI units and converted for display without changing the underlying precision or material identity.
Material Density Reference
Compare broad material references and alloy-specific documented values, with source, condition, and both metric and imperial density units kept visible.
Part of Workshop Calc ↗Density changes with exact chemistry, product form, condition, porosity, and temperature. Use the mill certificate or supplier datasheet when mass is safety- or cost-critical.
7.85 g/cm³
Structural / Mild Steel
| Material | Family | g/cm³ | Condition | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Steel | 7.85 | Nominal shop reference | Open | |
| Steel | 7.85 | Nominal structural-steel value | Open | |
| Stainless steel | 7.9 | Austenitic grade-group value at 20 °C | Open | |
| Stainless steel | 7.9 | Austenitic grade-group value at 20 °C | Open | |
| Aluminum | 2.71 | Sheet reference value | Open | |
| Copper alloy | 8.91 | Nominal value converted from 0.322 lb/in³ at 68 °F | Open | |
| Copper alloy | 8.5 | Nominal value converted from 0.307 lb/in³ at 68 °F | Open | |
| Titanium | 4.51 | Published ASTM Grade 2 reference value | Open | |
| Titanium | 4.42 | NASA report value | Open | |
| Nickel alloy | 8.44 | NASA material-table value | Open | |
| Nickel alloy | 8.19 | NASA material-table value | Open |
Primary references
- NIST Technical Note 1681 — Structural Steel Density — NIST reference stating that structural-steel density may be taken as 7,850 kg/m³.
- Outokumpu Hot-Rolled Austenitic Stainless Steel EPD — Producer declaration listing 7,900 kg/m³ at 20 °C for the included 304 and 316L austenitic grade group.
- NASA MAPTIS — 6061-T6 Aluminum Sheet — NASA material record listing 2,710 kg/m³ for 6061-T6 sheet.
- Copper Development Association — C11000 Alloy — Producer-association alloy record listing 0.322 lb/in³ at 68 °F.
- Copper Development Association — C36010 Alloy — Producer-association free-cutting-brass record listing 0.307 lb/in³ at 68 °F.
- Naval Postgraduate School Report — ASTM Grade 2 Titanium — Table 18 identifies ASTM Grade 2 titanium and lists a density of 4.51 g/cm³.
- NASA/CR-2015-218208 — Ti-6Al-4V — NASA report Table 1 lists 4.42 g/cm³ for Ti-6Al-4V.
- NASA/TP-20210025946 — INCONEL 625 and 718 — NASA report Table C-4 lists 8,440 kg/m³ for INCONEL 625 and 8,190 kg/m³ for INCONEL 718.
Estimate only:Use the supplier or certified material data for critical mass, shipping, or lifting work.
02 / Method & limits
Make the calculation checkable.
Lookup example
Choose a sourced steel density or enter the certified value from a material data sheet before estimating stock mass.
Reference limits
- Generic material names must not imply an exact alloy density.
- Temperature, composition, porosity, and product form can change density.
Sources & review
- NIST Technical Note 577 — reference material densities at 20 °C ↗
- NIST Technical Note 1681 — structural-steel density reference ↗
- Outokumpu austenitic stainless steel declaration — 304-family density ↗
- NASA technical report — 6061 aluminum density reference ↗
- Copper Development Association — C11000 alloy data ↗
- Copper Development Association — C36010 alloy data ↗
- Naval Postgraduate School report — ASTM Grade 2 titanium density ↗
- NASA/CR-2015-218208 — Ti-6Al-4V density reference ↗
- NASA/TP-20210025946 — INCONEL 625 and 718 density references ↗
- NIST SP 811 — Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI) ↗
Last reviewed: 2026-07-28